If you are new to shooting sports or looking to buy your first gun in the UK, understanding the difference between a Firearm Certificate (FAC) and a Shotgun Certificate (SGC) is essential. These licences are not the same — and applying for the wrong one could delay your plans.

In this article, we’ll break down the key differences, who needs which licence, and what each certificate allows you to own.

What is a Shotgun Certificate (SGC)?

An SGC is for standard shotguns that meet specific criteria. You’ll need an SGC if you want to legally own:

• A smoothbore shotgun

• With a barrel length of 24 inches or more

• That can hold no more than 3 rounds in total (including the one in the chamber)

These are typically used for clay pigeon shooting, game shooting, and pest control.

Common SGC Firearms:

• Over-under and side-by-side shotguns

• Pump-action or semi-auto shotguns restricted to 3-shot capacity

• Youth or single-shot shotguns

What is a Firearm Certificate (FAC)?

An FAC covers rifles, high-capacity shotguns, and other specific firearms not permitted under an SGC. These include:

• Bolt-action or semi-automatic rifles

• High-power air rifles over 12 ft/lbs

• Shotguns with more than 3-round capacity

• Sound moderators (suppressors)

• Section 1 firearms

You must provide a valid reason for each firearm listed on your FAC. This could include target shooting, deer stalking, vermin control, or collecting.

Key Differences Between FAC and SGC

Can I Hold Both?

Yes. Many responsible owners hold both an SGC and FAC. For example, if you enjoy clay shooting and target rifle competitions, or need a rifle for pest control and a shotgun for game.

You can usually apply for both at the same time, and your local Firearms Enquiry Officer (FEO) may process them during a single home visit.

What If I’m Not Sure What I Need?

At G-TEN, we regularly help new shooters understand their options.

Tell us how you want to use your firearm, and we’ll advise on the correct certificate.

Which One is Harder to Get?

The FAC process is generally more detailed and more likely to be refused without proper land, club membership, or a genuine use case. However, with the right preparation and advice, it’s very achievable.

Final Thoughts

Knowing the difference between an SGC and FAC is crucial before you start the application process. Whether you’re a beginner or looking to expand your collection, choosing the right certificate helps keep your journey smooth and legal.

Need help applying? G-TEN supports shooters across the UK including Hampshire, including Gosport, Portsmouth, Fareham, Winchester, Andover, Basingstoke, Farnborough, and Petersfield. Contact us for straightforward advice. 

sales@g-ten.co.uk